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Predictors of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

AlQuliti KW*

Objectives: Due to recent reports on the high rates of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in Saudi Arabian patients, this study sought to investigate the predictors of PDN in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This case-control study selected 198 outpatients with type 2 diabetes, 99 patients with PDN, 99 who did not have PDN; from a diabetes treatment center in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia, from September 2013 to April 2014. Demographic data, clinical assessment, laboratory investigation and history of diabetic complications were evaluated. Neuropathy symptom score and 10 gm. monofilament test were used to assess for neuropathy.

Results: The PDN group was significantly older (54.52 ± 11.01 vs. 50.53 ± 11.34 years), (p=0.031), had had diabetes longer (13.09+ ± 7.28 vs. 8.30 ± 4.78 years), (p=0.000), and consistent HbA1c measurements (9.19 ± 1.71 vs. 8.56 ± 1.65) than the non-PDN group. The prevalence of hypertension (73.7% vs. 50.5%), (p=0.001), cardiovascular disease (18.2% vs. 6.1%), (p=0.009), and stroke (7.1% vs. 1%), (p=0.031) was significantly higher in the PDN group than in the non-PDN group. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals) of PDN increased significantly with patients who had diabetes for more than 10 years (3.38, 1.88-6.07), hypertension (2.85, 1.57-5.17), and cardiovascular disease (3.37, 1.28-8.89); it decreases significantly with glycemic control (0.422, 0.12-0.96).

Conclusions: Similar to other populations, predictors of PDN in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes include age, duration, glycemic control, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and other microvascular diabetic complications. Further studies of a larger sample in a different region of Saudi Arabia are needed for better evidence and generalization. Conclusion: WBV was effective at safely reducing pain and improving health related outcomes in our participant.