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Using Biomaterial Factors to Control Neural Stem Cell Destiny for the Regeneration of Damaged Brain

Liu Wang, Yehia Mashad

The identification of neural stem cells (NSCs), which have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into a wide range of neural lineages, offers hope for the future treatment of brain neurological disorders like stroke/cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to tissue inflammation or blood-brain barrier, only a few numbers of NSCs were able to survive or reproduce. To direct stem cell destiny and behaviour for nerve regeneration, a suitable culture environment that closely resembles the natural NSC niche must be created. When creating functionalized scaffolds, which could be used as more than just delivery systems, it is important to take into account the topology, mechanical characteristics, bioactive chemicals, and their spatial and temporal presentations of the NSC niche. Axon growth at the site of the injured brain, support endogenous or exogenous cells proliferation, migration, and homing, and stimulate particular cellular responses at the molecular level. This review aims to describe the many types of biomaterial.