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Shale Formation: What Do We Learn about Fracture Conductivity Damage?

Jie Xiao*

Hydraulic fracturing has been the most efficient treatment option for exploitation of shale reservoirs. However due to intrinsic properties of shale formation, fracture conductivity damage usually occurs through multi mechanisms. To minimize the fracture conductivity damage, extensive analysis should be conducted regarding to the properties of shale formations, properties of fracturing fluids and properties of proppants. Clay swelling, fines migration, proppant diagnosis, proppant crushing, and proppant embedment are the most important factors that affect fracture conductivity and well productivity over a long production time. Once damage occurs, optional remediation plans should be conducted to minimize the damaging effect.