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Neonatal Stroke: Current Awareness and Perspectives for the Future

Preeti Kapadia

Neonatal stroke, a relatively rare but critical neurological event, occurs within the first 28 days of life and can have profound and lifelong implications for affected infants. This abstract provides a succinct overview of the current understanding of neonatal stroke and highlights key research directions. Epidemiological data suggest an estimated incidence of 1 in 2,300 to 1 in 5,000 live births, with preterm infants at a higher risk. Recognizing the diversity of risk factors, including maternal infections, placental abnormalities, prothrombotic states, congenital heart diseases, and maternal substance use, is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Clinical presentation varies, often manifesting as seizures, abnormal movements, or feeding difficulties. Advanced neuroimaging techniques like MRI and MRA are instrumental in diagnosis, facilitating timely interventions. Outcomes range from mild motor deficits to severe cerebral palsy, emphasizing the importance of early rehabilitation and multidisciplinary care.

Challenges in management include the absence of standardized treatment protocols, with current strategies revolving around supportive care, seizure management, and addressing underlying risk factors. Ongoing research explores genetic and molecular underpinnings, neuroprotective therapies, and innovative approaches like telemedicine for remote consultations. Long-term follow-up programs are essential to monitor neurodevelopmental progress and address late-onset issues. Overall, future efforts aim to reduce the lifelong impact of neonatal stroke on affected infants and their families.