बायोरेमेडिएशन और बायोडिग्रेडेशन जर्नल

अमूर्त

Heavy Metal Bioremediation and Metallo Bacterias: A Systemic Review

Chhatra Ram

Heavy metals pollution of the soils is the most challenging problem for the different ecological and environmental conditions. All the biological and organic compounds are degradable naturally but heavy metals cannot, so it leads to accumulated in the environment, which further create several problems. Excess amounts of the heavy metals in the environment has the main concern of the microbial community like structure, diversity and function, and it reduced the fertility of the agricultural soils, decreased the growth and yield of plants which are used in the food chain. Heavy metals are eliminated from the environment by plants (phytoremediation) and microbes (bioremediations). Bioremediation is a better solution for making the pollution free environment because of its advantages such as easy, simple, cost effective and efficient method. Microbes use several types of mechanisms for converting the toxic metals into less toxic using their enzymes and many types of adaptation techniques. Microbes have the capability to develop different kinds of heavy metals resistance via biosorption, precipitation, efflux mechanism, entrapment in extracellular, and reduction of heavy metals into less toxic forms. The present review article provides you with an overview of the principles of bioremediation, microorganisms of bioremediation, and strategies of bioremediation along with the future perspectives of heavy metals bioremediation by bacterias.