हमारा समूह 1000 से अधिक वैज्ञानिक सोसायटी के सहयोग से हर साल संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, यूरोप और एशिया में 3000+ वैश्विक सम्मेलन श्रृंखला कार्यक्रम आयोजित करता है और 700+ ओपन एक्सेस जर्नल प्रकाशित करता है जिसमें 50000 से अधिक प्रतिष्ठित व्यक्तित्व, प्रतिष्ठित वैज्ञानिक संपादकीय बोर्ड के सदस्यों के रूप में शामिल होते हैं।
ओपन एक्सेस जर्नल्स को अधिक पाठक और उद्धरण मिल रहे हैं
700 जर्नल और 15,000,000 पाठक प्रत्येक जर्नल को 25,000+ पाठक मिल रहे हैं
Conrad E Johansona, Edward G Stopa, Lori Daiello, Suzanne de la Monte, Matthew Keane and Brian R Ott
Objective: In this pilot study hypothesizing that blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) function is altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we evaluated small-sized biomarker distribution between serum (SER) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For both MCI and Alzheimer (AD) patients we quantified CSF neurochemistry; and compared CSF/SER ratios for urea and creatinine, as well as albumin, to those of healthy controls.
Methods: A compromised BCSFB in neurodegenerative states alters CSF-to-serum (CSF/SER) concentrations. We analyzed urea, creatinine and albumin, for transbarrier (across choroid plexus) distribution between CSF and serum, from patients with MCI (n=8) or AD (n=13). Lumbar CSF and arterial blood were frozen/analyzed by multiplex technology.
Results: In healthy controls, the CSF creatinine was significantly concentrated ~50% above the serum level. In both MCI and AD, the CSF creatinine concentration decreased while the urea level increased; CSF albumin was also elevated in AD. CSF/SER ratios for controls, MCI and AD were: urea 0.80, 0.98, 0.86; creatinine 1.52, 1.13, 1.14; and albumin 0.0045, 0.0051, 0.0065. Thus, CSF/SER ratios for creatinine and urea in MCI were similar to those in AD patients.
Conclusion: Blood-CSF barrier compromise in MCI resembled that in AD. In cognitively-impaired patients, the dissipating ratios toward equilibrium suggest disease-altered BCSFB permeability (urea and albumin) and transporter activity (creatinine/creatine). We propose that redistribution of urea and creatinine, between serum and CSF, are useful biomarkers for evaluating disease-induced alterations in CSF biochemistry and BCSFB functional status.