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Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Cytotoxicity and the Modulating Role of Aqueous Zest Extract of Citrus limonium (AZECL) in Rat Models

Akunna GG, Nwafor J, Egwu OA, Ezemagu UK, Obaje G, Adepoju LH and Akingbade AM

Cisplatin is a prominent member of the effective broad-spectrum antitumor drugs. However, its clinical usage is restricted due to some adverse side effects, such as testiculototoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Aqueous Zest Extract of Citrus limonium (AZECL) on the ovary of female Wistar rat treated with Cisplatin. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A-D) containing five rats each. Group A rats served as negative control and were treated orally with 2.5 ml/kg body weight of normal saline, group B rats served as positive control group and were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of Cisplatin, group C rats were treated orally with 50 mg/kg body weight of AZECL and group D rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of Cisplatin and two weeks later treated orally with 50 mg/kg body weight of AZECL. Result showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in primary follicles, secondary follicles, graafian follicles and a significant (p<0.01) increase in atretic follicles, PAS positive reaction and reduction in the total carbohydrate contents of the stromal cells in the positive control group. Also there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activity level of FSH, LH and a significant (p<0.05) increase in Malondialdehyde when compared to rats in group A and C. The group post-treated with the extract had remarkable normalization of the histo-morphometric, histochemical and biochemical parameters when compared to the positive control group. Aqueous zests extract of C. limonium has a curative effect on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on the ovary.